Cape town: Africa is witnessing a burgeoning interest in nuclear power as countries aim to modernize their energy infrastructure and transition to low-carbon solutions. However, significant challenges remain in harnessing atomic energy across the continent. According to Deutsche Welle, the only operational nuclear power station in Africa is located in Koeberg, near Cape Town, South Africa. This situation might change as several African nations explore nuclear energy options. South African journalist Tristen Taylor's report, published by the Heinrich Böll Foundation, highlights Egypt as having promising prospects, with Rosatom's construction of a plant at el-Dabaa underway. Meanwhile, countries like Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso have signed agreements with Russia, which Taylor suggests are more symbolic than substantive, lacking the necessary infrastructure and financial mechanisms for realization. In South Africa, the Koeberg plant's operating permit was extended for two decades in 2025, amid concerns from environmentalists about safety standards and maintenance by operator Eskom. Despite these concerns, Eskom is planning a larger, 4,000-MW facility at Duynefontein, which has drawn criticism for its lack of transparency and reliance on outdated data. Ghana is actively seeking to develop its nuclear capabilities, engaging suppliers from multiple countries without yet finalizing contracts. The nation is also exploring the potential of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which promise to reduce costs and safety risks compared to traditional reactors. However, the transition from prototypes to mass production remains a hurdle. Kenya is also pursuing nuclear energy, with plans to construct a 2,000-MW plant by 2034, despite the recent dissolution of its national nuclear authority as part of austerity measures. Kenyan environmentalist Phyllis Omido has raised concerns about the potential impact on local fishing communities and the risks associated with transporting nuclear fuel. The management of radioactive waste prese nts another formidable challenge. South Africa currently stores low- to medium-level waste at Vaalputs, while highly radioactive waste remains at Koeberg. Plans for a permanent repository by 2065 face skepticism from activists, who argue for cautious expansion of nuclear capabilities to avoid exacerbating waste management issues.